מסכת כלים פרק יד משנה ב | |
מקל |
A staff |
שעשה בראשו מסמר |
to whose end one attached a nail |
כמין חזינה |
shaped like an apple (this was to be used as a weapon) |
טמא |
is tamei; |
סמרו |
if one studded it (i.e. if instead of this metal ball, one studded a wooden stick with metal spikes to make it an even more harmful weapon) |
טמא |
it is tamai; |
רבי שמעון אומר |
Rabbi Shimon says |
עד שיעשה בו |
[it is not tamei] until they make in it |
שלשה סדרים |
three rows (he rules that unless there are three rows of them, the metal spikes are decorative rather than functional); |
וכולן שעשאן לנוי |
and all of them (staffs with spikes or balls) that were made for decoration |
טהורין |
are tahor; |
עשה בראשו מנקת |
if one attached at its end a [metal] tube (the staff was inserted into the metal tube to protect it) |
וכן בדלת |
and similarly by a door (if one placed a metal tube under a door to protect it or the earth below from wear and tear) |
טהורה |
it is tahor; |
היתה כלי |
if [the tube] was a utensil (i.e. it had that status first) |
וחברה לו |
and one (subsequently) attached it [to the staff or door] |
טמאה |
it is tamei. |
מאימתי היא טהרתה |
From when is it tahor? |
בית שמאי אומרים |
Beis Shammai say |
משיחבל |
from when one destroys it (such that it can no longer be used for its original purpose); |
בית הלל אומרים |
Beis Hillel say, |
משיחבר |
from when one attached it (permanently). |
פרק יג משנה ג |
|
הקנטר של בנאי |
A builder's pry bar |
והדקור של חרש |
and the carpenter's chisel (some say this is a posthole auger) |
הרי אלו טמאין |
these are tamei (even though they have wooden handles). |
יתדות אהלים |
Tent pegs |
ויתדות המשוחות |
and surveyors' pegs (used to hold a surveyor's chains in place on the ground) |
טמאין |
are tamei (even though they are used while attached to the ground, they are meant to be removed and taken to other places). |
שלשלת של משוחות |
The chain of a surveyor (used to measure distances) |
טמאה |
are tamei (even though they were used with pegs that were attached to the ground). |
העשויה לעצים |
[A chain] that was made for wood (it was used to measure lumber or to tie together bundles of wood) |
טהורה |
is tahor (as it served a wooden object). |
שלשלת דלי גדול |
The chain of a large bucket (used to draw water from a well, the chain is not considered have its own name), |
ארבעה טפחים |
four handbreadths (closest to the bucket are considered a yad, or handle, and are therefore tamei when attached to the bucket), |
ושל קטן עשרה |
and of a small [bucket] ten [handbreadths] (as it is lighter, the smaller bucket is ordinarily lowered to greater depths). |
חמור של נפחים |
The support of blacksmiths (this was either a wooden stand for their bellows, or a metal implement shaped like a donkey, one end of which the smith sat on while hammering items on the other end) |
טמא |
is tamei. |
מגרה |
A saw (that was tamei) |
שעשה שניה בתוך החור |
whose teeth were fixed into the space (the saw was affixed, teeth pointed downward, into a gap in and parallel with the lintel at the top of a doorway; the saw hung down into the doorway and acted as a doorstop, keeping the door from swinging through) |
טמאה |
is tamei (as it could harm those who walk beneath it, it was obviously not meant to be left there permanently); |
עשאה מלמטן למעלן |
if it was made bottom to top (i.e. the teeth are pointed upward, and embedded in the crack of the lintel) |
טהורה |
it is tahor (as it poses no danger this way, one may leave it there long-term, and so it is considered attached to the house, which is attached to the ground). |
וכל הכסויין |
And all covers |
טהורים |
are tahor (as they do not have a name of their own) |
חוץ משל מיחם |
except for that of a boiler (as it was often used to hold things itself, and so was a utensil in its own right). |
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