מסכת כלים פרק א משנה ד | |
למעלה מן הזב | Above the zav |
זבה | is a zavah (a woman who has had an abnormal menstruation) |
שהיא מטמאה | as she [also] imparts tumah |
את בועלה | to one who has intercourse with her. |
למעלה מן הזבה | Above the zavah |
מצרע | is the metzorah |
שהוא מטמא בביאה | as he [also] imparts tumah through entry [into a canopied space]. |
למעלה מן המצרע | Above the metzorah, |
עצם כשעורה | is a bone [from a cadaver] the size of a barleycorn |
שהוא מטמא טומאת שבעה |
as it imparts tumah [that lasts] seven [days]. |
חמור מכלם המת | More stringent than all of them is the cadaver |
שהוא מטמא באהל |
as it imparts tumah through a canopy (by being under a canopy, if the corpse is the canopy, or the person or utensil is the canopy) |
מה שאין כלם מטמאין | by which all the other do not impart tumah. |
פרק א משנה ה |
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עשר טמאות | There are ten [degrees] of tumah |
פורשות מן האדם | that are emitted from a person: |
מחוסר כפורים | {1} One who [was tamei, has completed all steps to become tahor, and would be tahor except that he] is lacking atonement (i.e. the prescribed sacrifice) |
אסור בקדש | is prohibited from [consuming] sacrificial foods, |
ומתר בתרומה ובמעשר | and is permitted [to partake] in terumah and maaser; |
חזר להיות טבול יום | {2} If he subsequently [becomes tamei and] is on the day of his immersion (prior to nightfall), |
אסור בקדש ובתרומה | he is prohibited from [consuming] sacrificial foods and terumah, |
ומתר במעשר | and is permitted [to partake] in maaser; |
חזר להיות בעל קרי | {3} If he subsequently becomes one who has had a seminal emission, |
אסור בשלשתן | he is prohibited in all three of them; |
חזר להיות בועל נידה | {4} If he subsequently becomes one who has intercourse with a nidah |
מטמא משכב תחתון כעליון | he imparts tumah to a bed (or other object made to be reclined upon) that is beneath him (i.e. that bears his weight, even if he is not in direct contact with it) like [he imparts tumah to] that which is above him (i.e. resting upon him); |
חזר להיות זב | {5} If he subsequently becomes a zav (i.e. one who has had an abnormal genital discharge) |
שראה שתי ראיות | who has had two experiences [of such an abnormal discharge within two days of each other] |
מטמא משכב ומושב | he imparts tumah to a bed (or other object made to recline on) and seat (or other object made to be sat on) |
וצריך ביאת מים חיים | and requires immersion in spring water, |
ופטור מן הקרבן | and is exempt from a sacrifice; |
ראה שלש | {6} If he experienced three [such discharges within a two day period] |
חיב בקרבן | he is [also] obligated to bring a sacrifice; |
חזר להיות מצורע | {7} I he subsequently becomes a metzorah |
מסגר | who is shut in (i.e. he is isolated because he shows some, but not conclusive, signs of being a metzorah) |
מטמא בביאה | he imparts tumah by entering [a canopied area] |
ופטור מן הפריעה | and is exempt from having his hair grow wild |
ומן הפרימה | and from rending his garments |
ומן התגלחת | and from shaving [his entire body] |
ומן הצפרים | and from the birds (which are otherwise given to a kohen as part of his purification procedure); |
ואם היה מחלט | {8} And if he was conclusively determined [to be a metzorah] |
חיב בכולן | he is obligated in all of them; |
פירש ממנו אבר | {9} If a limb was severed from him (a living person) |
שאין עליו בשר כראוי | that does not have enough flesh on it, |
מטמא במגע ובמשא | it imparts tumah through contact and being carried, |
ואינו מטמא באהל | and does not impart tumah via a canopy; |
ואם יש עליו בשר כראוי | {10} And if there is enough flesh on on it, |
מטמא במגע ובמשא | it imparts tumah through contact and being carried |
ובאוהל | and through a canopy (just like a corpse does). |
שעור בשר כראוי | The measure of sufficient flesh |
כדי להעלות ארוכה | is enough to heal (i.e. enough to regenerate itself); |
רבי יהודה אומר | Rabbi Yehuda says |
אם יש במקום אחד | if there is in one place |
כדי להקיפו בחוט ערב | enough [flesh] to encircle with it as a weft thread (this is the thicker, crosswise thread woven in a loom. The measurement here is enough remaining flesh to be cut into a weft thread-sized strip or strips that would be long enough to encircle the detached limb) |
יש בו לעלות ארוכה | there is enough to heal. |
Notes
שהוא מטמא בביאה - This is a lower level than the tumah imparted by a cadaver, as the metzorah must sit or stay under the canopy.
רבי יהודה אומר - His standard is different from that of the תנא קמא, who holds each case must be individually evaluated.