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מסכת כלים פרק כ משנה ד |
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| עריבה גדולה | A large trough [with a capacity to over nine kavs] |
| שנפחתה מלקבל רימונים | that was [too] damaged to hold pomegranates (thus rendering it unable to contract tumah as a utensil], |
| והתקינה לישיבה | and one set to sit on it (but did not make any physical changes to it), |
| רבי עקיבה מטמא | Rabbi Akiva rules it is tamei [midras] (even though he did not make any physical changes to it, the mental designation is sufficient) |
| וחכמים מטהרין | and the Sages rule it is tahor |
| עד שיקצע | until one cuts it (as they require a physical change be made to such a utensil before its status is changed to that of a seat); |
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עשאה אבוס לבהמה |
if one made it into a feeding trough (for this use, a pomegranate-sized hole does make it unsuitable, and so it is now considered a functional utensil) |
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אף על פי |
even though |
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שקבעה בכותל |
he set in into the wall (which is attached to the ground, and so utensils attached to a wall are therefore ordinarily not susceptible to tumah) |
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טמאה |
it is tamei (as this vessel was not, and was not intended to be, attached to the ground from its beginning). |
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פרק כ משנה ה |
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| כפת | A block (this is a large slab of wood that was physically altered for use as a seat) |
| שקבעו בנדבך | that one set in a course of stones (akin to a row of bricks), |
| קבעו ולא בנה עליו |
if he fixed it in place (that is, he permanently attached it, such as with nails) and did not build atop it (so it can still be sat upon), |
| בנה עליו ולא קבעו | if he built atop it but did not fix it in place (intending to remove it after the other stones are in place, thus creating an arch, doorway or other passage through the wall), |
| טמא | it is tamei; |
| קבעו ובנה עליו |
if he fixed it in place and built atop it |
| טהור | it is tahor. |
| מפץ | A reed mat (of a type normally used to sleep on) |
| שנתנו על גבי הקורות | that one placed over the beams (that form the top of one room, and the bottom of the room above; ordinarily, the ceiling/floor was constructed by laying such a mat over the beams, and then covering it with a flooring plaster) |
| קבעו ולא נתן עליו את המעזיבה | if he fixed it in place |
| and did not place over it the flooring plaster, | |
| נתן עליו את המעזיבה |
if he placed over it the flooring plaster |
| ולא קבעו | and did not fix it in place |
| טמא | it is tamei; |
| קבעו ונתן עליו את המעזיבה | if he fixed it in place and covered it with flooring plaster, |
| טהור | it is tahor. |
| קערה | A plate |
| שקבעה בשדה תבה ומגדל | that was affixed to a bin, chest or cabinet (that are not susceptible to tumah) |
| כדרך קבלתה טמאה | in the way in which it receives, it is tamei (that is, if the plate is right side up, so that it can still hold items in its normal fashion), |
| שלא כדרך קבלתה טהורה | not in the way in which it receives, it is tahor. |
לרפואת מרים חיה בת ברכה בתוך שאר חולי ישראל