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מסכת כלים פרק ג משנה ג
חבית שניקבה

A barrel that developed a hole (thereby rendering it tahor)

ועשאה בזפת

and was repaired with pitch (making it a usable vessel again, and thus susceptible to tumah),

ונשברה

and broke [into numerous fragments]

אם יש במקום הזפת

if there is [earthenware left] in the place of the pitch sufficient

מחזיק רביעית

to hold a quarter[-log]

טמאה

it is tamei,

מפני

because

 שלא בטל שם כלי מעליה

it has not lost its designation as a utensil (even before the original hole was fixed with pitch).

חרס שניקב

An earthenware fragment (which has lost any status as a utensil) that developed a hole,

ועשאו בזפת

and was repaired with pitch,

אף על פי

even though

שמחזיק רביעית

it can hold a quarter[-log],

טהור

is tahor,

מפני

because

שבטל שם כלי מעליו it lost its designation as a utensil (at the time it was a fragment, even before it developed the hole).
 

פרק ג משנה ד

חבית שנתרועעה [An earthenware] barrel that cracked (but has not yet fallen apart into fragments)
וטפלה בגללים and one coated it with dung (to prevent it from fragmenting),
אף על פי even though (it is so delicate)
שהוא נוטל את הגללים that if he removes the dung
והחרסים נופלים and the fragments will fall (rendering the utensil tahor),
טמאה it is tamei,
מפני because
שלא בטל שם כלי מעליה it has not lost its designation as a utensil.
נשברה if [an earthenware barrel] fragmented
ודבק ממנה חרסית and one glued its fragments [together],
או שהביא חרסית

or if one brings fragments

ממקום אחר from elsewhere [and glued them together with the fragments from this broken barrel]
וטפלן בגללים and coats them in dung
אף על פי even though (it is so strong)
שהוא נוטל את הגללים that if he removes the dung
והחרסין עומדים the fragments will remain [together]
טהורה it is tahor
מפני because
שבטל שם כלי מעליה it has lost its designation as a utensil;
היה בה חרס

If there was a fragment of earthenware

מחזיק רביעית that could hold a quarter[-log]
כולה מטמא במגע the entirety [of the glued-together vessel] imparts tumah by contact,
וכנגדו מטמא באויר and opposite [the shard that was large enough to hold the quarter-log] imparts tumah by [entry into its] airspace.

Notes

נשברה ודבק ממנה חרסית . . . בטל שם כלי מעליה - To regain status as a כלי, it must be fired in a kiln.

כולה מטמא במגע - These have the status of a יד, a handle or other part of a כלי that serves to help use the rest of the utensil, and which is treated differently than the main part of the utensil.