פרק ו - משנה ד | |
המדלה את הגפן | One who trains a grapevine |
על מקצת אילן מאכל | on part of a fruit tree |
מותר להביא זרע תחת המותר | it is permissible for him to bring [foreign] seeds under the rest [of the tree] |
ואם הלך החדש | and if it has new growth that extends [over other parts of the tree] |
יחזירנו | he must bring it back |
מעשה שהלך רבי יהושוע | It happened that R' Yehoshua went |
אצל רבי ישמעאל לכפר עזיז | to R' Yishmael in Kfar Aziz |
והראהו גפן | and he showed him a grapevine |
שהיא מודלה על מקצת תאנה | that was trained over part of a fig tree |
אמר לו | he said to him |
מה אני להביא זרע תחת המותר | am I allowed to bring [foreign] seeds under the remainder [of the tree]? |
אמר לו מותר | he said to him that it is permissible; |
והעלהו משם לבית המגניה | and he brought him up from there to Beis Hameganyeh |
והראהו גפן | and showed him a grapevine |
שהיא מודלה על מקצת הקורה | that was trained on part of a branch (lit. beam) |
של סדן של שקמה | of the stump of a sycamore tree |
ובו קורות הרבה | and it had many branches (lit. beams) |
אמר לו תחת הקורה אסור | he said to him beneath that beam is prohibited |
והשאר מותר | and the rest is permissible |
פרק ו - משנה ה | |
איזה הוא אילן סרק | What is a barren tree? |
כל שאינו עושה פירות | whichever does not bear fruits |
רבי מאיר אומר | R' Meir says |
הכול אילן סרק | all are barren trees |
חוץ מן הזית והתאנה | except for the olive and fig tree |
רבי יוסי אומר | R' Yose says |
כל שאין כמוהו | anything the likes of which is not |
נוטעין שדות שלמות | planted in complete fields |
הרי זה אילן סרק | is a barren tree |
NOTES
משנה ד
אילן מאכל - While the barren tree is treated as a trellis, so that one may not plant under it if a grapevine is growing on only part of the tree, a fruit tree is regarded differently, due to the assumption that the grower will not want to sacrifice such a tree for the future growth of a grapevine.
על מקצת הקורה של סדן של שקמה - There are several different גרסאות for this part of the משנה; we have followed that of the גר"א as being the most straightforward. Note also that this tree does produce fruits, leading to an apparent difference of opinion among the ראשונים over what the חדוש of the משנה is. Some say that this tree, as it is not grown for its fruit but only its lumber, is treated like a barren tree, and thus the חדוש must be that the אסור of planting under parts of the tree the vine has not yet reached only applies to those branches the vine is climbing on. The רמב"ם on the other hand, says that it is a fruit tree, and the חדוש is that while one can plant under other branches of a fruit tree, one cannot plant under a branch upon which a vine has begun to grow.
משנה ה
אילן סרק - Note that a tree with the status of an אילן סרק with regard to כלאי הכרם does not necessarily apply to all contexts, such as grafting.
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