פרק ג
ולקחתם לכם ביום הראשון פרי עץ הדר כפת תמרים ענף עץ עבת וערבי נחל (ויקרא כג:מ)
משנה א | |
לולב הגזול והיבש | A stolen or dry lulav |
פסול | is invalid |
של אשרה | [a lulav] from an asheira (a tree that had been worshipped as an avoda zara) |
ושל עיר הנדחת | or from a city that had been led astray (to worship an avoda zara) |
פסול | is invalid; |
נקטם ראשו | if its head had been snapped off |
נפרצו עליו פסול | or its leaves were broken is it invalid |
נפרדו עליו כשר | if its leaves spread out it is valid, |
רבי יהודה אומר | Rebbi Yehuda says |
יאגדנו מלמעלה | it should be bound it at the top; |
צני הר הברזל | the thorn palms of the Iron Mountain |
כשרות | are valid. |
לולב שיש בו | A lulav that has |
שלשה טפחים | three tefachim |
כדי לנענע בו כשר | [plus an additional tefach] in order to shake it is valid. |
משנה ב | |
הדס הגזול והיבש | A stolen or dry hadas |
פסול | is invalid |
של אשרה | [a hadas] from an asheira (a tree that had been worshipped as an avoda zara) |
ושל עיר הנדחת | or from a city that had been led astray (to worship an avoda zara) |
פסול | is invalid; |
נקטם ראשו | if its head had been snapped off |
נפרצו עליו | or its leaves were broken |
או שהיו ענביו | or if its berries were |
מרבות מעליו | more numerous than its leaves |
פסול | it is invalid; |
ואם מעטן כשר | and if they [the amount of berries] are reduced [by picking them off] it is valid |
ואין ממעטין ביום טוב | and we do not reduce them on yom tov |
NOTES
משנה א
לולב הגזול - Such a lulav is invalid because the פסוק says ולקחתם לכם, and this is obviously not his; furthermore, even after יאוש when it technically does become the thief's property, it is still invalid as a מצוה הבאה בעבירה.
נקטם ראשו - Such a lulav is invalid because it lacks the הדר required of all ארבע מנים.
והיבש - Again, this is an issue of הדר. While תוספות say this level of dryness occurs when the lulav has become so brittle it can be crumbled with a fingernail, the ראב"ד
של אשירה ושל עיר הנדחת - Because
נפרצו
עליו פסול
- The גמרע described this as having the appearance
of a broom; according to רש"י this means that the
leaves have actually been completely detached and retied to the spine, or
שדרה, while the רמב"ם learns that
it merely resembles a broom, in that the leave have been partially torn off and
left to dangle, and תוספות
say that the leaves, which each consist of two
leaves attached to each other along their length like the pages of a
book, had been split apart.
יאגדנו מלמעלה
- The difference between the תנא קמא and רבי יהודה is merely whether or not
they have to be bound; but the תנא קמא concedes that the leaves must be able to
be bent back to the spine and bound or else it is פסול.
צני הר
הברזל - This
species has particularly short leaves, but so long as the end of each leaf
reaches the beginning of the next one it is valid.
משנה
ב
ענביו
- The berries are not a problem, however, if they are green
and so blend into the leaves.
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