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פרק ג

ולקחתם לכם ביום הראשון פרי עץ הדר כפת תמרים ענף עץ עבת וערבי נחל  (ויקרא כג:מ)

משנה א
לולב הגזול והיבש  A stolen or dry lulav
פסול is invalid
של אשרה [a lulav] from an asheira (a tree that had been worshipped as an avoda zara)
ושל עיר הנדחת or from a city that had been led astray (to worship an avoda zara)
פסול is invalid;
נקטם ראשו if its head had been snapped off
נפרצו עליו פסול or its leaves were broken is it invalid
נפרדו עליו כשר if its leaves spread out it is valid,
 רבי יהודה אומר Rebbi Yehuda says
יאגדנו מלמעלה it should be bound it at the top;
צני הר הברזל the thorn palms of the Iron Mountain
כשרות are valid.
לולב שיש בו A lulav that has
 שלשה טפחים three tefachim
כדי לנענע בו כשר [plus an additional tefach] in order to shake it is valid.
   
   
משנה ב
הדס הגזול והיבש A stolen or dry hadas
פסול is invalid
של אשרה [a hadas] from an asheira (a tree that had been worshipped as an avoda zara)
ושל עיר הנדחת or from a city that had been led astray (to worship an avoda zara)
פסול is invalid;
נקטם ראשו if its head had been snapped off
נפרצו עליו or its leaves were broken
או שהיו ענביו or if its berries were
מרבות מעליו more numerous than its leaves
פסול it is invalid;
ואם מעטן כשר and if they [the amount of berries] are reduced [by picking them off] it is valid
ואין ממעטין ביום טוב and we do not reduce them on yom tov
    
   

NOTES

משנה א

לולב הגזול - Such a lulav is invalid because the פסוק says ולקחתם לכם, and this is obviously not his; furthermore, even after יאוש when it technically does become the thief's property, it is still invalid as a מצוה הבאה בעבירה

נקטם ראשו - Such a lulav is invalid because it lacks the הדר required of all ארבע מנים.

והיבש - Again, this is an issue of הדר.  While תוספות say this level of dryness occurs when the lulav has become so brittle it can be crumbled with a fingernail, the ראב"ד

של אשירה ושל עיר הנדחת - Because

נפרצו עליו פסול - The גמרע described this as having the appearance of a broom; according to רש"י this means that the leaves have actually been completely detached and retied to the spine, or שדרה, while the רמב"ם learns that it merely resembles a broom, in that the leave have been partially torn off and left to dangle, and תוספות say that the leaves, which each consist of two leaves attached to each other along their length like the pages of a book, had been split apart.

יאגדנו מלמעלה - The difference between the תנא קמא and רבי יהודה is merely whether or not they have to be bound; but the תנא קמא concedes that the leaves must be able to be bent back to the spine and bound or else it is פסול.

צני הר הברזל - This species has particularly short leaves, but so long as the end of each leaf reaches the beginning of the next one it is valid.

 

משנה ב

ענביו - The berries are not a problem, however, if they are green and so blend into the leaves.

 

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